Sero-epidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goat population in the south western Nepal: a comparative study

Abstract Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. In Nepal, the presence of brucellosis in small ruminants, namely sheep and goats, has impacted farmers’ livelihood food safety consumers. A cross-sectional study was conducted Rupandehi district Nepal during January to March 2020 investigate seroepidemiology associated risk factors goat population. Altogether, 19 60 farms were visited. Owners interviewed get information on animals, including their management movement patterns. Three hundred fifty-seven samples (80 277 samples) collected proportionately based farm sizes. Each serum sample tested with Rose Bengal Test ELISA estimate seropositivity brucellosis. Logistic regression carried out calculate corresponding odds ratios each variable detection Results At level, 31.6% (6/19; 95% CI: 12, 54%) 3.3% (2/60, 0.9, 11.4%) seropositive Out 80 samples, 12 (15%; 8.79–24.41%) three (1.1%; 0.37–3.14%) Age greater than 1.5 years (OR = 5.56, 1.39, 29.38; p 0.02) herd size 100 4.74, 1.23, 20.32, 0.03) identified as significant for While population, none variables factor. Conclusion The provides evidence that older from large herds at higher control program should be put place immediately population because they may transmit infections other livestock regularly moved grazing selling purposes. Also, strict biosecurity measures implemented among pastoralists prevent transmission them. We suggest further one health-based reveal dynamics between animals humans.